How to Set Up Port Forwarding - Even Behind CGNAT

Setting up port forwarding can seem daunting, especially when you encounter obstacles like CGNAT (Carrier-Grade Network Address Translation). Whether you’re trying to host a Minecraft server, run a web application, or enable remote SSH access, this guide will walk you through everything you need to know about port forwarding and how to make it work even in challenging network environments.

Do you really need port forwarding?

Port forwarding isn’t always necessary. You only need it when you want to make services on your local network accessible from the internet. Common scenarios include:

Gaming and Entertainment:

• Hosting multiplayer game servers (Minecraft, CS2, etc.)
• Running media servers for remote streaming
• Setting up game development test environments

Web Development and Hosting:

• Running local web servers accessible from outside
• Testing webhooks and API integrations
• Hosting personal websites or applications

Remote Access and Management:

• SSH access to home computers or servers
• Remote desktop connections
• Accessing Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices
• Managing IoT devices and home automation systems

If your device has a direct public IP address (rare these days), port forwarding isn’t required. Even if you have a public IP from your ISP, most home networks use NAT (Network Address Translation) through a router. This blocks incoming connections by default.

Understanding port forwarding

Think of port forwarding as creating a specific pathway through your router’s firewall. Your router acts like a security guard, normally blocking all uninvited visitors from the internet. Port forwarding gives the guard specific instructions: “When someone knocks on port 8080, let them through to the computer at 192.168.1.100.”

This process involves mapping an external port on your router’s public IP to an internal port on a specific device within your network. When external traffic arrives at the specified port, your router knows exactly where to send it.

Common ways to set up port forwarding on your router

Most modern routers provide web-based interfaces for configuring port forwarding. Here’s the general process:

Step 1: Access your router’s admin panel Open a web browser and navigate to your router’s IP address (commonly 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.0.1). Log in using your admin credentials.

Step 2: Find the port forwarding section Look for sections labeled “Port Forwarding,” “Virtual Servers,” “Port Mapping,” or “NAT/Gaming.” The exact terminology varies by manufacturer.

Step 3: Create a forwarding rule You’ll typically need to specify:

• Service name (for your reference)
• External port (what the internet sees)
• Internal IP address (your device’s local IP)
• Internal port (usually the same as external port)
• Protocol (TCP, UDP, or both)

Step 4: Save and apply settings After creating the rule, save your configuration and restart your router if required.

Popular router interfaces like ASUS, Netgear, Linksys, and TP-Link all follow similar patterns, though the exact menu locations may differ.

But what to do in case of CGNAT?

CGNAT presents a significant challenge for traditional port forwarding. Many internet service providers, including T-Mobile, Verizon, and various mobile carriers, use CGNAT to conserve IPv4 addresses. Under CGNAT, multiple customers share a single public IP address, making direct port forwarding impossible.

How to identify CGNAT: Check your router’s WAN IP address in the admin panel. If it starts with 10.x.x.x, 172.16-31.x.x, 100.64.x.x, or 192.168.x.x, you’re likely behind CGNAT. These are private IP ranges that indicate your router doesn’t have a true public IP.

CGNAT limitations:

CGNAT imposes several limitations that can hinder your ability to host services or access devices remotely. Since your network shares a public IP address with many other users, direct inbound connections from the internet are not possible. This means traditional port forwarding rules won’t work.

• No direct inbound connections possible
• Traditional port forwarding rules won’t work
• UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) is ineffective
• Gaming and hosting applications may fail

Use Pinggy to bypass CGNAT

Pinggy provides an elegant solution for CGNAT limitations through reverse tunneling. Instead of trying to punch holes through CGNAT, Pinggy creates an outbound connection from your device to Pinggy’s servers, then routes incoming traffic back through this established tunnel.

For HTTP/HTTPS services:

For TCP services (SSH, gaming, databases):

The process is straightforward:

1. Open CMD or terminal
2. Run the tunnel command replacing the port number with your service’s port
3. Access your service using the provided public URL
4. Get persistent URLs by signing up for a free Pinggy account

Advanced Pinggy features:

• Custom domain linking for permanent URLs
• Authentication and access control
• Traffic inspection and debugging tools
• Multiple tunnel management through the dashboard

Why port forwarding beats disabling firewall or using DMZ

Some users consider disabling their firewall entirely or enabling a DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) for a device, but both approaches create massive security risks. Port forwarding is superior because:

Selective exposure: Only specific ports on specific devices are accessible, not your entire network.

Maintained security: Your firewall continues protecting all other services and devices.

Controlled access: You can easily modify or remove forwarding rules as needed.

Audit trail: Most routers log port forwarding activity for security monitoring.

Disabling your firewall exposes every device on your network to potential attacks, while port forwarding creates controlled, monitored access points.

Conclusion

Port forwarding’s still super useful for stuff like hosting servers or remote access, but CGNAT makes the usual router setup kind of useless. Pinggy fixes that by letting you tunnel your local services online with a simple command, no public IP needed. So whether you’re coding, gaming, or just need access to something at home, it’s an easy way to make it work from anywhere.